Crossing Within Polylingual Families With Contested Structure

Introduction This research seeks to examine crossing within polylingual families with contested structure. I analyzed a scene from the television show Trailer Park Boys in which a three member family interact using the concepts of crossing, facework, and footing, in order to answer my research question. I found that the central character uses crossing as a method of performing facework. As a result of this, he also indicates preference and dispreference to his family members. Theoretical Framework Crossing involves someone speaking in another language, dialect, or pattern which feels distinctly â€Å"other† (Rampton, 2000, p. 54). This can occur in a wide variety of contexts such as first generation Americans using English in a non-English household in order to embrace one cultural system over another. Or, using a different pattern of speech around a significant other’s parents in order to convey positive social values. In the case of the scene I analyzed, the central character’s language is already crossed as he is a white man speaking almost exclusively African American Vernacular English (AAVE). He further uses crossing to interact with his Hispanic girlfriend. As a character, his crossed language is one of his most defining qualities, making him an interesting case study. Because of the character’s use of AAVE as a white man, he can be juxtaposed with ‘Mike’, the person of interest in a study of white teens and AAVE adoption (Cutler , 1999). Mike, like Jamie, the main

Essay on External and Internal Factors atT - 1390 Words

One of the leading companies in phone, internet and cable television today is ATT. Internal and external factors affect this company everyday yet the four functions of management still have to be carried out. The major five factors that affect the functions of management are globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics. However, managers can still use delegation to impact the factors of management. ATT (American Telephone Telegraph) is the largest supplier globally of telephone, wireless, and internet services. ATT started in 1983 as Southwestern Bell Corporation (SBC) and the main center was in St. Louis, Missouri. Southwestern Bell moved their headquarters to San Antonio, Texas and changed the name to SBC†¦show more content†¦Innovation is what keeps ATT at the top of their game. ATT is known for adapting quickly to the changes in consumer demand and to new competitors. ATT embraces creativity in order to rapidly convert ideas into useful products and services, (ATT, n.d. Governance). The factor of innovation has a significant impact on the four factors of management so much that ATT has labs that consist of about 1,000 of the worlds top scientists and engineers. The planning stage of new products and services is where the management teams evaluates the current products and services that are now offered to customers and try to find ways to either enhance them or int roduce brand new ones. Later stated on the ATT website is that their main goal is to develop new and better ways to perform everyday functions (ATT, n.d. Governance). Since ATT knows that their products and services are advanced with the best interest of the general public in mind organizing the plan goes far beyond the ATT Labs. Groups through out the company work together to look beyond the traditional and the expected to solutions never seen, (ATT, n.d. Governance). ATT is always looking for new ways to inspire innovation from its employees. This company believes that the workers are not just making products and services for customers but also for themselves and their families. As far as controlling, the innovation progress is reviewed in terms of their impact on the company and customers notShow MoreRelatedInternal External Factors1176 Words   |  5 PagesInternal External Factors Paper Osvaldo Lopez MGT/230 06/17/2015 Tricia Stewart Internal External Factors All successful organizations are affected by internal and external factors. These internal and external factors have an impact on the organizations four functions of management. The organizations that better adapt to these factors are the organizations that are the most successful, the more profitable and the companies that have will be around for a long time. 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T b. F 4. Applied research is not scientific in nature. a. T *b. F 5. Fundamental research has little practical relevance. a. T *b. F 6Read MoreExternal and Internal Environment Analysis1429 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONEMNT External and Internal Environment Analysis Bharti Gupta University of Phoenix External and Internal Environment Analysis: Mayo Clinic The purpose of this paper is to analyze the External and Internal environmental factors of Mayo Clinic (MC). Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit worldwide leader in medical care, research and education for people from all walks of life (Mayo Clinic,  2011). Various types of external and internal factors affect theRead MoreInternal Assessment : External Assessment870 Words   |  4 Pages Internal assessment External assessment Interior assessment is the procedure by which an association surveys its arrangements and frameworks inside. It is completed by the divisions inside of the association what s more; representatives themselves are talented at overseeing interior appraisal. External assessment it includes an outer association or a consultancy firm to judge and screen the authoritative techniques and give a fair sentiment for improvement. SIMILARITESRead MoreStrategic Management and Swot Analysis1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe internal environment of the organisation means whatever it is happening inside the business, such as new product development and human resources management,  the elements from the internal environment are much more controllable than the ones in the external environment, in other words managers can control the internal environment of the organisation when making their decisions. However, the bottom part of the swot matrix  which analyses the opportunities and threats means what the external environment

Project Plan on Chronic DiseaseDementia

Question Choose one of the chronic diseases or determinants outlined below,you can choose a different one from the 4 below if preferred Oral Health Dementia Hearing Disorders (focus on childhood middle ear conditions) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Prepare a detailed project plan for an innovation in chronic disease health education, promotion, prevention or management for an Australian community. Explore how you anticipate it will improve health outcomes for the chosen community? Answer Dementia is a condition that is connected to a number of disease and is featured by the impairment of brain functions like memory, understanding and reasoning. Early symptoms include difficulty in remembering and later it the symptoms may be worse like difficulty in performing day to day activities. The major cause of dementia is Alzheimers disease. The second cause of dementia is Vascular dementia and the other causes are front temporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies (Ratnavalli E et al, 2002). For the Australians Dementia is a major health crisis. As estimated 222,100 people in Australia suffered from it in 2011 and this is to increase to 464,000 by 2031. Few people get the support from the family and friends and the others depend on support from the organizations or the paid support. The interventions provide improvement in disabilities and functioning but do not suppress of the disease. In the later paragraphs the frequency, causes, the prevalence, the modifiabl e and non modifiable risk factors, the services used up by the patients, the mortality rates are given. All these things are explained in detail. Prevalence of Dementia It is increasing with age and its an inevitable part of ageing and affect young people also. It is increasing due to population ageing and the growth in population. It affects few people who are under 65 that is 1 in 4 and who are 85 years of age. The prevalence in female is far more than males, especially in their old age. This id due to the long life of males and the prove that the dementia is a old age disease probably. The studies show that the rate of dementia is higher than given in the data collected. The AIHW is coming up with new methods that gives more accuracy to the prevalence results and the projection. In studies it has been seen the victims of Dementia are higher in the Indigenous Australians. In a study of Kimberley region of the Northern Territory, the rate of Dementia was 12% in the Aboriginal peoples who are 45 years of age or more than that. Here the Dementia is more common in males than females. The reason behind this is the low social and health profiles among t hese Aboriginal Australians (Seeher et al. 2011). Causes and the types of dementia Many conditions prevails in humans that can cause Dementia. Of them the most common are explained below: Alzheimer disease: It is approx for 50 to 80% of the Dementia conditions which cause abnormal plaques and tangles in the human brain. Vascular dementia: It is the damage of the brain that is due to cerebrovascular diseases like stroke. Lewy bodies: In this abnormal proteins known as lewy bodies develop in brain cells.that affects the functions of brain (Draper 2011). Fronto temporal lobe dementia: It is the damage to the front part of the brains in which there are symptoms that are related to the personality and behaviors in the intial stages of Dementia. Other type: They are alcohol induced dementia, head injury dementia, Parkinsons disease dementia and Huntington dementia. Risk Factors The frequency of occurrence of dementia is a major concern. The risk factors are being researched out to stop the frequency of occurrence. Risk factors are the determinants to tell about the basic causes of the dementia (Sager et al, 2006). The risk factors are of two categories the modifiable and the non modifiable. The non-modifiable risk factors for dementia are explained below: Age: The frequency increases with the age. About 1 in 30 Australians who is between 70 to 74 is having dementia, 1 in 8 Australians aging between 80 to 84 have dementia. About 1 in 3 Australians who is between 90 to 94 have dementia (Berr et al, 2005). The female who are aged are more prone towards the disease than the males. Genetics: There are inherited genes in the various forms of dementia that includes Alzheimers diseases, down syndrome, familial front temporal dementia. The inherited genes sometimes become a cause of the condition. The modifiable risk factors for dementia are explained below:The brain factors that can be controlled are Mental activities: Facing mental activities regularly like education, occupation or leisure are associated with lowering the risks of dementia and cognitive declines (Harvey et al, 2003). Social activities: Indulging in social activity and being connected to family and friends lowers the risk of getting dementia as it helps the brain to function positively (Weitzel, 2011). The body factors that can be controlled are: Alcohol: Drinking too much alcohol damages the brain and causes a high risk of dementia and other cognitive diseases (Neal, 2003). Diet: a healthy diet plan is required to have a healthy brain growth. The meal should be nutritious to build up the growth of the brain. Physical work: regularly exercising improves brain functioning and reduces the risk of dementia and other cognitive declines. The heart factors that can be controlled are: Blood pressure: Long term treatment is to be done in case individual is having high blood pressure problems because high blood pressure increases the risk of dementia. Body weight: Obesity should be avoided to decrease the risk. Cholesterol: Optimum level decreases the risk (Press D, et al, 2014). High cholesterol causes higher risk of dementia. Diabetes: Type 2 is associated to increased risk so it should be avoided. Smoking: Passive smoking increases the risks so it is to be avoided to have proper functioning of brain. Prevention plan of Dementia that is community focussed Prevention of dementia is hard as the cause is still unknown. Till now no cure of dementia is known. But adapting lifestyle and medication changes can decrease the risks of dementia. The prevention is based upon the early detection and the reducing of reoccurrence and the symptoms. The plan here focuses on the community which consists of young adults who can follow the following prevention steps and decrease the disease to a much larger extent. The three types of prevention methods that should be followed at each level by these young adults are as follows: Primary prevention: The disease can be prevented in the general population by encouraging community spread measures like the good nutritional status, physical fitness, immunization and keeping the environment safe (Goldman L, et al, 2014). The primary prevention methods help maintain good health and reduces the occurrence of the diseases. These method includes the basic lifestyle changes that ensure healthy brain functioning and reducing the risks associated with the occurrence of the disease. It also includes including a diet which is rich in nutrition and helps the brain to function properly. It ca Secondary prevention: It is when the detection is made at the early stage of the disease and before the symptoms occurs. There is prompt and effective intervention done to prevent disease progression (Thorgrimsen et al, 2003). The onset conditions of the disease are to be prevented. Tertiary prevention: The prevention or the minimizing the complications or the disabilities developed with the disease. These tertiary preventive measures are known to be the part of the medical treatment and the management of the condition. It includes providing medication and taking up therapies to reduce the effectiveness and symptoms of the dementia. For this prevention plan the group which is targeted is the young age form 30 to 40 years whose lifestyle, dietary patterns, early onset and then minimizing the complications if already prevailed can decrease the prevalence to a much larger extent. Services that are used up by the patients of Dementia The Dementia patients requires lot of aged care and the health service that consists of primary health care, community aged care, residential care and the hospital care. According to a in 2008 study the care packages that were taken up by the patient comprises of following: 14% Community Aged Care Packages 18% Extended Aged Care at Home 88% Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia The other services which was used up includes the health care service, home and the community care, Community nursing service, Aged care services. The services taken up by the Aboriginal Australians is very less. However if the services are taken up by them the information gathered about it is very less. The services which the Aboriginal used included support from community, diagnostics, management and the residential care of the old people. Treatment On time diagnosis is must in order to have accurate care and medication. In reality there is no cure for it but the interventions that improves the condition are though available. The medication falls in two categories. These are on drugs or non drugs. The drug intervention targets cognitive functions, behavioral and psychological symptom and the other disease occurring on side (Seeher et al. 2011). The results improves or declines the cognitive functions but the progression of the disease is not stopped. The other behavioral features like aggression agitation, illness, depression and anxiety are balance. Anti psychotics drugs are used up to handle extreme behaviors and the sedative effects. Evidences show that some people are benefited with these medicines but al though they face some side effects also that consists of occurrence of stroke and death. Non drug intervention report to improve the cognitive signs like cognitive training, validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, validation therapy and physical exercises. The evidences about these non interventions are not known yet. Studies show that if an individual is engaged more in cognitive activities than the risk of having dementia is decreased. The people who are already the patients of dementia there cognitive training evidences are still not gathered but the studies say the improvements can be seen like better mood, better quality of life, better social functioning. The non drug treatment so as to improve behavioral and psychological changes are much more preferred than the drug interventions. So it can be said that behavioral management process will surely give results with efficiency. This consists of finding and treating the cause of bad mood swings or bad behaviors, untreated pain and other medical circumstances. Mortality Dementia is the major and the leading cause of mortality among the Australians. From the year 1997 to 2009 the number of people who died from dementia is increasing steadily form 3400 to 8700 that is from 21 to 34 deaths in a population of 100000. In the year 2009 dementia became the third largest cause of death among the Australians. However, it is to keep in mind that the part of increment occurred due to changes in coding instructions in ICD-10 and the Veterans Entitlements Act 1986 and Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004. Health message It can be seen Dementia is a disease of loneliness and is in relation to many other disease and like Alzheimers disease. Dementia prevalence can be stopped if it is prevented in early stages and a suitable treatment along with support, emotional care from the community, friends, family and other significant ones. The prevention plan that is meant for specific communities and specific age groups should be followed by every individual seriously so as to reduce the prevalence of the disease. The services can also be used up by the ones who are already the sufferers of the disease. Conclusion Summing up, it can be said that Dementia is a life threatening condition for the human beings that solely occurs due to loneliness and with age. Dementia occurs mostly in aged people as they are the one who are most isolated and free from any regular activities like work. Till now in spite of so many researches occurring everywhere in the world no cure has been found out to stop the progression or to completely abolish the disease. The only cure is to gain support from family and friends. The drug and non drug interventions though have been found out that improves the functions and improves psychological and behavioral features. The prevalence of it is constantly increasing in Australia. The risk factors along with the prevention methods should be taken in to account so as to control the spread and improve the conditions of the patients of Dementia. Many of the researches has been performed in past and many are still performed to find out the evidences and the prevalence rate. But st ill a lot has to be done the research that could find a cure and should halt the progression is still to be found. References Berr C, Wancata J, Ritchie K. Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Europe.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol2005;15:46371. Books.Goldman L, et al. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. DoHA (Department of Health and Ageing) 2010a. National mental health report, 2010. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Draper B 2011. Understanding Alzheimers and other dementias. Australia: Longueville Harvey RJ, Skelton-Robinson M, Rossor MN. The prevalence and causes of dementia in people under the age of 65 years.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2003;74:12069. Neal, M; Briggs, M (2003). "Validation therapy for dementia.".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD001394. Preventing Alzheimer's disease: What do we know? National Institute on Aging. Press D, et al. Treatment of dementia. Ratnavalli E et al. (2002). "The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia".Neurology58(11): 161521. Sager MA, Hermann BP, La Rue A, Woodard JL (2006)."Screening for dementia in community-based memory clinics"(PDF).Wisconsin medical journal105(7): 259 Seeher K, Whithall A Brodaty H 2011. The dementia research mapping project: the 2010 update fi nal report.Canberra: Dementia Collaborative Research Centre Thorgrimsen, L; Spector, A; Wiles, A; Orrell, M; Wiles, Anne; Orrell, Martin (2003). "Aroma therapy for dementia".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD003150 Weitzel T, Robinson S, Barnes MR et al. (2011). "The special needs of the hospitalized patient with dementia".Medsurg Nurs20(1): 138; quiz 19.

Supporting Childrens Mental Health

When a child is growing up, all those who interact with him/her need to be careful by ensuring that the environment that the child interacts with is safe. This includes removing objects that can injure the child in the classroom and the entire compound. These roles of child safety are mostly left to the teacher because he/she is the one who is with the child most often hence should be accountable incase of anything.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supporting Children’s Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the child reaches the age for going to school, both the teachers and the parents should make adequate preparations to ensure that the child will have a smooth experience at school. This paper focuses on the things that teachers should take in consideration to make sure that the child with mental problems will prosper in academics like the rest of the learners. Teachers and parents should wo rk together in promoting the wellness of a child because factors such as children’s experiences at home and school greatly influence their mental growth. The child spends most of the time with the teacher while at school, so in this case one expects the two, that is, the child and the teacher to have a strong bondage. The parents should assist the teachers in identifying their child’s strengths and weaknesses because this will assist the teacher in knowing how to deal with every individual child. Koplow (2002) argues that if the parents do not collaborate with the teachers the first few days may be difficult for both the child and the teacher because the teacher is not aware of what to expect and this means that more time will be wasted while the two entities are getting to know each other. Before the child is taken to school the parents or guardians should explain to the child the things that are to be experienced in school life such as waking up early than usual and the assignments that are to be done everyday. The teacher on the other hand should check to ensure that all the facilities required are in their right place. Both the teacher and the child’s parents should compare notes so that they can have a common approach in handling such child. This means that the child should feel at home when at school and vice versa. None of the parties should be harsh to the child as this would diminish the trust in the teacher and parents. The parents should ensure that they provide a peaceful environment back at home because issues like violence and quarrels that take place in the presence of the child are quite traumatizing hence they should not be exposed to the child.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, if parents interfere with the teacher’s efforts they might make the teacher look like a bad person to the child. This means that if t he child is given any form of punishment the parents should appreciate it as the appropriate method of correction rather than criticizing it. Criticism is only acceptable when the approach used in correction is harmful either physically or mentally and if so it should not happen in the presence of the child. Correction should be done with lots of love because anger might cause it to loose its meaning. Sorte, Daeschel and Amador (2002) recommend that while in the classroom the teacher should establish a strong relationship with each individual child. The teacher should exercise patience because it takes time for a child to develop confidence in a stranger. This friendship can be enhanced by being kind to the child by creating sometime for the two that is the child and the teacher to have conversations. The teacher should take time to listen to what the child is pointing out and should use an appropriate approach while correcting the child because wrong approach could be interpreted a s hatred by the child and this may cause the child not to be frank with the teacher. During learning sessions the teacher should be very patient because all children do not have the same understanding, there are those that are fast learners and those that are slow learners but whatever the case all of them should be treated evenly. However, those that have special needs should be handled differently. This includes equipping them with learning aids which will enhance their learning to make sure they excel like the rest. The teacher should encourage good behavior in a child by rewarding the child for outstanding behavior or action. The parents should also create some time for their children because providing for their physical needs is not enough. Children are like adults hence they also need someone to talk to when they feel things are not going in the right direction. This time that is spent between the child and the parents/teachers is important because it provides the teachers and guardians with an opportunity to monitor the progress of the child. When children are out in the playground the teacher should monitor the games they play because they can injure each other. In addition, harmful objects like sharp objects should be out of reach to the children. The children should be taught to play creative games. This means that other facilities should comply with standard safety measures such as having electricity properly insulated without any hanging wires. This is because children like exploring their environment and such things might cause physical body harm and even death. The same safety precautions should be observed by parents at home (Sorte, Daeschel, Amador, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supporting Children’s Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The teacher should encourage children to develop friendships among themselves because this contributes to their s ocial well being. In essence, this friendship makes the child feel like school is part of family because he/she has a strong sense of belonging. Children become brighter when they mingle with each other in their plays, which is quite important for their mental and physical well being. When they learn to appreciate each other it boosts their self esteem. References Koplow, L. (2002).Creating Schools that Heal: Real-life Solutions. New York: Teachers College Press. Sorte, J., Daeschel, I., Amador, C. (2011).Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children, Promoting Wellness. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. 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