Crossing Within Polylingual Families With Contested Structure

Introduction This research seeks to examine crossing within polylingual families with contested structure. I analyzed a scene from the television show Trailer Park Boys in which a three member family interact using the concepts of crossing, facework, and footing, in order to answer my research question. I found that the central character uses crossing as a method of performing facework. As a result of this, he also indicates preference and dispreference to his family members. Theoretical Framework Crossing involves someone speaking in another language, dialect, or pattern which feels distinctly â€Å"other† (Rampton, 2000, p. 54). This can occur in a wide variety of contexts such as first generation Americans using English in a non-English household in order to embrace one cultural system over another. Or, using a different pattern of speech around a significant other’s parents in order to convey positive social values. In the case of the scene I analyzed, the central character’s language is already crossed as he is a white man speaking almost exclusively African American Vernacular English (AAVE). He further uses crossing to interact with his Hispanic girlfriend. As a character, his crossed language is one of his most defining qualities, making him an interesting case study. Because of the character’s use of AAVE as a white man, he can be juxtaposed with ‘Mike’, the person of interest in a study of white teens and AAVE adoption (Cutler , 1999). Mike, like Jamie, the main

Essay on External and Internal Factors atT - 1390 Words

One of the leading companies in phone, internet and cable television today is ATT. Internal and external factors affect this company everyday yet the four functions of management still have to be carried out. The major five factors that affect the functions of management are globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics. However, managers can still use delegation to impact the factors of management. ATT (American Telephone Telegraph) is the largest supplier globally of telephone, wireless, and internet services. ATT started in 1983 as Southwestern Bell Corporation (SBC) and the main center was in St. Louis, Missouri. Southwestern Bell moved their headquarters to San Antonio, Texas and changed the name to SBC†¦show more content†¦Innovation is what keeps ATT at the top of their game. ATT is known for adapting quickly to the changes in consumer demand and to new competitors. ATT embraces creativity in order to rapidly convert ideas into useful products and services, (ATT, n.d. Governance). The factor of innovation has a significant impact on the four factors of management so much that ATT has labs that consist of about 1,000 of the worlds top scientists and engineers. The planning stage of new products and services is where the management teams evaluates the current products and services that are now offered to customers and try to find ways to either enhance them or int roduce brand new ones. Later stated on the ATT website is that their main goal is to develop new and better ways to perform everyday functions (ATT, n.d. Governance). Since ATT knows that their products and services are advanced with the best interest of the general public in mind organizing the plan goes far beyond the ATT Labs. Groups through out the company work together to look beyond the traditional and the expected to solutions never seen, (ATT, n.d. Governance). ATT is always looking for new ways to inspire innovation from its employees. This company believes that the workers are not just making products and services for customers but also for themselves and their families. As far as controlling, the innovation progress is reviewed in terms of their impact on the company and customers notShow MoreRelatedInternal External Factors1176 Words   |  5 PagesInternal External Factors Paper Osvaldo Lopez MGT/230 06/17/2015 Tricia Stewart Internal External Factors All successful organizations are affected by internal and external factors. These internal and external factors have an impact on the organizations four functions of management. The organizations that better adapt to these factors are the organizations that are the most successful, the more profitable and the companies that have will be around for a long time. 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It is completed by the divisions inside of the association what s more; representatives themselves are talented at overseeing interior appraisal. External assessment it includes an outer association or a consultancy firm to judge and screen the authoritative techniques and give a fair sentiment for improvement. SIMILARITESRead MoreStrategic Management and Swot Analysis1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe internal environment of the organisation means whatever it is happening inside the business, such as new product development and human resources management,  the elements from the internal environment are much more controllable than the ones in the external environment, in other words managers can control the internal environment of the organisation when making their decisions. However, the bottom part of the swot matrix  which analyses the opportunities and threats means what the external environment

Project Plan on Chronic DiseaseDementia

Question Choose one of the chronic diseases or determinants outlined below,you can choose a different one from the 4 below if preferred Oral Health Dementia Hearing Disorders (focus on childhood middle ear conditions) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Prepare a detailed project plan for an innovation in chronic disease health education, promotion, prevention or management for an Australian community. Explore how you anticipate it will improve health outcomes for the chosen community? Answer Dementia is a condition that is connected to a number of disease and is featured by the impairment of brain functions like memory, understanding and reasoning. Early symptoms include difficulty in remembering and later it the symptoms may be worse like difficulty in performing day to day activities. The major cause of dementia is Alzheimers disease. The second cause of dementia is Vascular dementia and the other causes are front temporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies (Ratnavalli E et al, 2002). For the Australians Dementia is a major health crisis. As estimated 222,100 people in Australia suffered from it in 2011 and this is to increase to 464,000 by 2031. Few people get the support from the family and friends and the others depend on support from the organizations or the paid support. The interventions provide improvement in disabilities and functioning but do not suppress of the disease. In the later paragraphs the frequency, causes, the prevalence, the modifiabl e and non modifiable risk factors, the services used up by the patients, the mortality rates are given. All these things are explained in detail. Prevalence of Dementia It is increasing with age and its an inevitable part of ageing and affect young people also. It is increasing due to population ageing and the growth in population. It affects few people who are under 65 that is 1 in 4 and who are 85 years of age. The prevalence in female is far more than males, especially in their old age. This id due to the long life of males and the prove that the dementia is a old age disease probably. The studies show that the rate of dementia is higher than given in the data collected. The AIHW is coming up with new methods that gives more accuracy to the prevalence results and the projection. In studies it has been seen the victims of Dementia are higher in the Indigenous Australians. In a study of Kimberley region of the Northern Territory, the rate of Dementia was 12% in the Aboriginal peoples who are 45 years of age or more than that. Here the Dementia is more common in males than females. The reason behind this is the low social and health profiles among t hese Aboriginal Australians (Seeher et al. 2011). Causes and the types of dementia Many conditions prevails in humans that can cause Dementia. Of them the most common are explained below: Alzheimer disease: It is approx for 50 to 80% of the Dementia conditions which cause abnormal plaques and tangles in the human brain. Vascular dementia: It is the damage of the brain that is due to cerebrovascular diseases like stroke. Lewy bodies: In this abnormal proteins known as lewy bodies develop in brain cells.that affects the functions of brain (Draper 2011). Fronto temporal lobe dementia: It is the damage to the front part of the brains in which there are symptoms that are related to the personality and behaviors in the intial stages of Dementia. Other type: They are alcohol induced dementia, head injury dementia, Parkinsons disease dementia and Huntington dementia. Risk Factors The frequency of occurrence of dementia is a major concern. The risk factors are being researched out to stop the frequency of occurrence. Risk factors are the determinants to tell about the basic causes of the dementia (Sager et al, 2006). The risk factors are of two categories the modifiable and the non modifiable. The non-modifiable risk factors for dementia are explained below: Age: The frequency increases with the age. About 1 in 30 Australians who is between 70 to 74 is having dementia, 1 in 8 Australians aging between 80 to 84 have dementia. About 1 in 3 Australians who is between 90 to 94 have dementia (Berr et al, 2005). The female who are aged are more prone towards the disease than the males. Genetics: There are inherited genes in the various forms of dementia that includes Alzheimers diseases, down syndrome, familial front temporal dementia. The inherited genes sometimes become a cause of the condition. The modifiable risk factors for dementia are explained below:The brain factors that can be controlled are Mental activities: Facing mental activities regularly like education, occupation or leisure are associated with lowering the risks of dementia and cognitive declines (Harvey et al, 2003). Social activities: Indulging in social activity and being connected to family and friends lowers the risk of getting dementia as it helps the brain to function positively (Weitzel, 2011). The body factors that can be controlled are: Alcohol: Drinking too much alcohol damages the brain and causes a high risk of dementia and other cognitive diseases (Neal, 2003). Diet: a healthy diet plan is required to have a healthy brain growth. The meal should be nutritious to build up the growth of the brain. Physical work: regularly exercising improves brain functioning and reduces the risk of dementia and other cognitive declines. The heart factors that can be controlled are: Blood pressure: Long term treatment is to be done in case individual is having high blood pressure problems because high blood pressure increases the risk of dementia. Body weight: Obesity should be avoided to decrease the risk. Cholesterol: Optimum level decreases the risk (Press D, et al, 2014). High cholesterol causes higher risk of dementia. Diabetes: Type 2 is associated to increased risk so it should be avoided. Smoking: Passive smoking increases the risks so it is to be avoided to have proper functioning of brain. Prevention plan of Dementia that is community focussed Prevention of dementia is hard as the cause is still unknown. Till now no cure of dementia is known. But adapting lifestyle and medication changes can decrease the risks of dementia. The prevention is based upon the early detection and the reducing of reoccurrence and the symptoms. The plan here focuses on the community which consists of young adults who can follow the following prevention steps and decrease the disease to a much larger extent. The three types of prevention methods that should be followed at each level by these young adults are as follows: Primary prevention: The disease can be prevented in the general population by encouraging community spread measures like the good nutritional status, physical fitness, immunization and keeping the environment safe (Goldman L, et al, 2014). The primary prevention methods help maintain good health and reduces the occurrence of the diseases. These method includes the basic lifestyle changes that ensure healthy brain functioning and reducing the risks associated with the occurrence of the disease. It also includes including a diet which is rich in nutrition and helps the brain to function properly. It ca Secondary prevention: It is when the detection is made at the early stage of the disease and before the symptoms occurs. There is prompt and effective intervention done to prevent disease progression (Thorgrimsen et al, 2003). The onset conditions of the disease are to be prevented. Tertiary prevention: The prevention or the minimizing the complications or the disabilities developed with the disease. These tertiary preventive measures are known to be the part of the medical treatment and the management of the condition. It includes providing medication and taking up therapies to reduce the effectiveness and symptoms of the dementia. For this prevention plan the group which is targeted is the young age form 30 to 40 years whose lifestyle, dietary patterns, early onset and then minimizing the complications if already prevailed can decrease the prevalence to a much larger extent. Services that are used up by the patients of Dementia The Dementia patients requires lot of aged care and the health service that consists of primary health care, community aged care, residential care and the hospital care. According to a in 2008 study the care packages that were taken up by the patient comprises of following: 14% Community Aged Care Packages 18% Extended Aged Care at Home 88% Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia The other services which was used up includes the health care service, home and the community care, Community nursing service, Aged care services. The services taken up by the Aboriginal Australians is very less. However if the services are taken up by them the information gathered about it is very less. The services which the Aboriginal used included support from community, diagnostics, management and the residential care of the old people. Treatment On time diagnosis is must in order to have accurate care and medication. In reality there is no cure for it but the interventions that improves the condition are though available. The medication falls in two categories. These are on drugs or non drugs. The drug intervention targets cognitive functions, behavioral and psychological symptom and the other disease occurring on side (Seeher et al. 2011). The results improves or declines the cognitive functions but the progression of the disease is not stopped. The other behavioral features like aggression agitation, illness, depression and anxiety are balance. Anti psychotics drugs are used up to handle extreme behaviors and the sedative effects. Evidences show that some people are benefited with these medicines but al though they face some side effects also that consists of occurrence of stroke and death. Non drug intervention report to improve the cognitive signs like cognitive training, validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, validation therapy and physical exercises. The evidences about these non interventions are not known yet. Studies show that if an individual is engaged more in cognitive activities than the risk of having dementia is decreased. The people who are already the patients of dementia there cognitive training evidences are still not gathered but the studies say the improvements can be seen like better mood, better quality of life, better social functioning. The non drug treatment so as to improve behavioral and psychological changes are much more preferred than the drug interventions. So it can be said that behavioral management process will surely give results with efficiency. This consists of finding and treating the cause of bad mood swings or bad behaviors, untreated pain and other medical circumstances. Mortality Dementia is the major and the leading cause of mortality among the Australians. From the year 1997 to 2009 the number of people who died from dementia is increasing steadily form 3400 to 8700 that is from 21 to 34 deaths in a population of 100000. In the year 2009 dementia became the third largest cause of death among the Australians. However, it is to keep in mind that the part of increment occurred due to changes in coding instructions in ICD-10 and the Veterans Entitlements Act 1986 and Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004. Health message It can be seen Dementia is a disease of loneliness and is in relation to many other disease and like Alzheimers disease. Dementia prevalence can be stopped if it is prevented in early stages and a suitable treatment along with support, emotional care from the community, friends, family and other significant ones. The prevention plan that is meant for specific communities and specific age groups should be followed by every individual seriously so as to reduce the prevalence of the disease. The services can also be used up by the ones who are already the sufferers of the disease. Conclusion Summing up, it can be said that Dementia is a life threatening condition for the human beings that solely occurs due to loneliness and with age. Dementia occurs mostly in aged people as they are the one who are most isolated and free from any regular activities like work. Till now in spite of so many researches occurring everywhere in the world no cure has been found out to stop the progression or to completely abolish the disease. The only cure is to gain support from family and friends. The drug and non drug interventions though have been found out that improves the functions and improves psychological and behavioral features. The prevalence of it is constantly increasing in Australia. The risk factors along with the prevention methods should be taken in to account so as to control the spread and improve the conditions of the patients of Dementia. Many of the researches has been performed in past and many are still performed to find out the evidences and the prevalence rate. But st ill a lot has to be done the research that could find a cure and should halt the progression is still to be found. References Berr C, Wancata J, Ritchie K. Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Europe.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol2005;15:46371. Books.Goldman L, et al. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. DoHA (Department of Health and Ageing) 2010a. National mental health report, 2010. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Draper B 2011. Understanding Alzheimers and other dementias. Australia: Longueville Harvey RJ, Skelton-Robinson M, Rossor MN. The prevalence and causes of dementia in people under the age of 65 years.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2003;74:12069. Neal, M; Briggs, M (2003). "Validation therapy for dementia.".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD001394. Preventing Alzheimer's disease: What do we know? National Institute on Aging. Press D, et al. Treatment of dementia. Ratnavalli E et al. (2002). "The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia".Neurology58(11): 161521. Sager MA, Hermann BP, La Rue A, Woodard JL (2006)."Screening for dementia in community-based memory clinics"(PDF).Wisconsin medical journal105(7): 259 Seeher K, Whithall A Brodaty H 2011. The dementia research mapping project: the 2010 update fi nal report.Canberra: Dementia Collaborative Research Centre Thorgrimsen, L; Spector, A; Wiles, A; Orrell, M; Wiles, Anne; Orrell, Martin (2003). "Aroma therapy for dementia".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD003150 Weitzel T, Robinson S, Barnes MR et al. (2011). "The special needs of the hospitalized patient with dementia".Medsurg Nurs20(1): 138; quiz 19.

Supporting Childrens Mental Health

When a child is growing up, all those who interact with him/her need to be careful by ensuring that the environment that the child interacts with is safe. This includes removing objects that can injure the child in the classroom and the entire compound. These roles of child safety are mostly left to the teacher because he/she is the one who is with the child most often hence should be accountable incase of anything.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supporting Children’s Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the child reaches the age for going to school, both the teachers and the parents should make adequate preparations to ensure that the child will have a smooth experience at school. This paper focuses on the things that teachers should take in consideration to make sure that the child with mental problems will prosper in academics like the rest of the learners. Teachers and parents should wo rk together in promoting the wellness of a child because factors such as children’s experiences at home and school greatly influence their mental growth. The child spends most of the time with the teacher while at school, so in this case one expects the two, that is, the child and the teacher to have a strong bondage. The parents should assist the teachers in identifying their child’s strengths and weaknesses because this will assist the teacher in knowing how to deal with every individual child. Koplow (2002) argues that if the parents do not collaborate with the teachers the first few days may be difficult for both the child and the teacher because the teacher is not aware of what to expect and this means that more time will be wasted while the two entities are getting to know each other. Before the child is taken to school the parents or guardians should explain to the child the things that are to be experienced in school life such as waking up early than usual and the assignments that are to be done everyday. The teacher on the other hand should check to ensure that all the facilities required are in their right place. Both the teacher and the child’s parents should compare notes so that they can have a common approach in handling such child. This means that the child should feel at home when at school and vice versa. None of the parties should be harsh to the child as this would diminish the trust in the teacher and parents. The parents should ensure that they provide a peaceful environment back at home because issues like violence and quarrels that take place in the presence of the child are quite traumatizing hence they should not be exposed to the child.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, if parents interfere with the teacher’s efforts they might make the teacher look like a bad person to the child. This means that if t he child is given any form of punishment the parents should appreciate it as the appropriate method of correction rather than criticizing it. Criticism is only acceptable when the approach used in correction is harmful either physically or mentally and if so it should not happen in the presence of the child. Correction should be done with lots of love because anger might cause it to loose its meaning. Sorte, Daeschel and Amador (2002) recommend that while in the classroom the teacher should establish a strong relationship with each individual child. The teacher should exercise patience because it takes time for a child to develop confidence in a stranger. This friendship can be enhanced by being kind to the child by creating sometime for the two that is the child and the teacher to have conversations. The teacher should take time to listen to what the child is pointing out and should use an appropriate approach while correcting the child because wrong approach could be interpreted a s hatred by the child and this may cause the child not to be frank with the teacher. During learning sessions the teacher should be very patient because all children do not have the same understanding, there are those that are fast learners and those that are slow learners but whatever the case all of them should be treated evenly. However, those that have special needs should be handled differently. This includes equipping them with learning aids which will enhance their learning to make sure they excel like the rest. The teacher should encourage good behavior in a child by rewarding the child for outstanding behavior or action. The parents should also create some time for their children because providing for their physical needs is not enough. Children are like adults hence they also need someone to talk to when they feel things are not going in the right direction. This time that is spent between the child and the parents/teachers is important because it provides the teachers and guardians with an opportunity to monitor the progress of the child. When children are out in the playground the teacher should monitor the games they play because they can injure each other. In addition, harmful objects like sharp objects should be out of reach to the children. The children should be taught to play creative games. This means that other facilities should comply with standard safety measures such as having electricity properly insulated without any hanging wires. This is because children like exploring their environment and such things might cause physical body harm and even death. The same safety precautions should be observed by parents at home (Sorte, Daeschel, Amador, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supporting Children’s Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The teacher should encourage children to develop friendships among themselves because this contributes to their s ocial well being. In essence, this friendship makes the child feel like school is part of family because he/she has a strong sense of belonging. Children become brighter when they mingle with each other in their plays, which is quite important for their mental and physical well being. When they learn to appreciate each other it boosts their self esteem. References Koplow, L. (2002).Creating Schools that Heal: Real-life Solutions. New York: Teachers College Press. Sorte, J., Daeschel, I., Amador, C. (2011).Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children, Promoting Wellness. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. This essay on Supporting Children’s Mental Health was written and submitted by user Evan Patton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How To Create a Web Page essays

How To Create a Web Page essays In this day and age, its important to be Internet literate. Yet there are still some people who havent caught up with the times. The Internet is set up largely by web pages. This paper is designed to take you through the process of creating a simple web page on the Internet. The first step to making your very own web page is to get a computer with an adequate system. An up-to-date Windows or Macintosh program on your computer of choice is usually sufficient. Next is to get a modem. Whether its a cable or a dial-up phone connection a modem is essential. A modem connects you to the Internet so you can surf other pages, talk to your friends, or write an e-mail and send it instantly. Now that youve gotten your computer and your modem its time to start looking for a home for your web page. There are a lot of different places where you can get a web page. They vary in price, simplicity, and quality. Pick a home thats suitable to your skill and price range. For example, geocities.com has a very simple format and free access. Therefore if youve never made a web page before, its easy and cheap to try to make these. With your home now chosen, follow the instructions they give you to load the page maker or series of pages to create the base for your web page. Using geocities.com as an example again, there are several different options. Geocities offers to create the web page for you or you can do it yourself at the desired level. If you want a little more creativity than Geocities allows in generating your color preferences and text entries and youre not fully familiar with the html code that creates web pages then the option of Page Maker is for you. This gives you the creativity of putting whatever youd like on your web page but also the ease of click and drag options. Once the Page Maker has loaded its time to get the creative juices flowing. The Page M...

Informative Essay Sample on the Cold War

Informative Essay Sample on the Cold War When looking at the Cold War in general or in relation to Asia, it is important to understand that a conflict lasting a long period may go through changes, especially in cases of Cold War. This is true of the Cold War, as Hot Wars broke out other states became more powerful, and others diminished. A bipolar conflict was evident during the Cold War in two ways. First the balance of power was divided between two coalitions headed by the United States and the Soviet Union, secondly the struggle over the conflicting ideologies of Capitalism and Communism. However when looking at the Cold War in specific relation to Asia, at different points in time China became an influential player tipping the balance of power. This would suggest that there were times when the conflict in Asia assumed tripolarity. The alliance patterns in Asia were more precarious than in Europe as indicated by the collapse of the Sino-Soviet alliance but still had bipolar characteristics , at least in the first half of the conflict. After the allies victory in the Second World War the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the unchallenged authorities in world affairs. The Cold War resulted from there ideological difference and was until 1948 primarily based in Europe. When the Cold War suddenly expanded into Asia in 1949, it was a great surprise to everyone. At the end of World War II Asia had been left in a power vacuum Japans defeat had ended a dominate empire in northeast Asia. China’s nationalist government had become weak and the Communist had grown in strength creating intense civil conflict. With the end of Second World War also came decolonisation. These events all created a volatile environment in Asia, made more unstable by the fact that each Superpower had certain positions staked out even before the war ended. The United States had done all most all of the fighting in the Pacific, as the Soviet Union had to combat a war on two fronts, it was only in the last days of the war that The So viets declared war on the Japanese. When Japan surrendered, the Soviets insisted that the quid pro quo that Roosevelt had promised at the Yalta conference remain in place. For this, reason the Soviet Union gained control of the Kurile Islands, the ports and railway in Manchuria and half of Korea. When China became Communist in 1949, for ideological reasons and in fear of American attack, the Chinese felt that if they were to incorporate themselves into anyone’s sphere of influence it should be the Soviets. This chain of events resulted in a shift in the balance of power and that the communist world had almost doubled by 1950. At the same time as the Americas realised the threat from Communism in China, conflict was also braking out in Korea on both sides of the 38th parallel. This was the first major Hot War of the Cold War era setting a precedent for how conflicts were to be fought in the years to follow. Over the next three years of fighting, the contest between the Superpowers in Asia would only expand and intensify. At the start of the war in 1950, China was drawn into the conflict when North Korean troops were pushed to their border. This resulted in the bombing of supply bases and power stations in China, drawing the Chinese in to the conflict as they now conceded the United States a direct threat to their sovereignty. This resulted in China intervention to protect its own interests and those of the communist movement in North Korea. The 400,000 Chinese troops given the title of â€Å"volunteers† to avoid an American attack on China pushed United States and United Nations troops back below th e 38th parallel. United Nations troops continued to fight for a further two years until their reached the 38th parallel. It was at this point that the United States was griped by intense paranoia concerning communism in general, and Asian communism in particular, China was now seen as a major player in the security of the Asia-Pacific . To try to combat the problem the United States operated a policy of containment. George Kennan came up with the original concept to limit Soviet expansion and Paul Nitze designed the strategy with the aim of preventing communism from increasing its grip were ever it seemed likely to spread . When Eisenhower came into office in 1953 and until the mid 1960 subsequent presidents feared that the fall to communism of any other states would result in a domino effect of other states falling to communism as well. During the Truman, administration the strategy followed was NSC-68, which was created by Nitze. It was less about containing the wide spectrum of communism and more directed towards the Soviet threat to American interests â€Å" American interests depended on the perc eption of power as well as the reality of power itself.† The Korean War prompted the application of this policy and it dealt more with the rearmament by the United States, which had major consequences in Asia. Nuclear weapons were an important element as well as building alliance and psychological warfare. It was in this way that the administration hoped to split China from the Soviet Union, however, there was no suggestion of how to exploit the rift if it should occur. In the next decade, this policy was loosely followed by subsequent administrations. The Eisenhower administration attempted to increase America’s strategic position by strengthening the containment strategy in East Asia, with the aim of weakening the Soviet position and therefore the spread of communism. This was done by forming a number of alliances with states in Asia, this multilateral agreement would bring together states in a collective packed against communist development. These alliances included the American security treaties with the Philippines and ANZUS with South Korea. In 1955 the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) was established the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, France, Thailand Pakistan and the Philippines agreed to act together to counter any armed attack in Asia. The SEATO was mainly aimed not at China or North Korea, but the problems in Indo-China of Vietnam were communists posed a great challenge. Vietnam was a French colony and the French had been fighting the guerrilla war there since 1946 when no agreement had been met over possible independence. From 1950 until the war ended in 1954, the United States had been sending military aid to the French. This initial involvement would grow to an increasing to a large level in the 1960s and 1970s. After eight years of fighting ultimately ending in a French defeat a truce was achieved, this was the end of French military rule in Southeast Asia. The Americans were unhappy with this new foothold for communism but powerless to act. A by-product of its increased focus on the policy of containment did however result in the later conflict in Indo-China . The American policies of containment such NSC-68 and the American security treaties in the early years of the Cold War indicate that their policies were primary directed towards either reducing the strategic position of the Soviet Unions by either increasing Americas own power or splitting Sino-Soviet relations. This would suggest that at this point the political system was still bipolar. When Moa Zedong came to power in China in 1949, declaring the Peoples Republic of China. The Soviet Union was the first to offer its support. The Soviets boycotted the United Nations in protest to the new government been unrecognised by the international community, and the two countries singed a treaty of friendship in 1950. The Soviets gave large amounts of aid the China, and Mao’s first Five-year plan (1953 to 1957) was largely based on the Soviet model. At first, the relationship went well; however, by the mid 1950s problems were beginning to emerge. The Soviets failed to play anything but a minor role in the Korean War due to their policy of peacefully coexistence with the west. At this point China began to feel that the Soviet policy was merely a sell out to imperialism and difference in interpretation of communism were been drawn. In the late 1950s the PRY was trying to develop its Nuclear defences, it was keen for the Soviets to share the technology and wanted a nuclear bomb as a prototype, however the Soviet Union refused to cooperate send a signal to Mao that China was not trusted. At the heart of this disagreement were Khrushchev’s hopes to carry out reforms in the Soviet Union, to do this he had to reduce the high cost of maintaining military confrontation with the west. By the mid 1960s relations between the Soviet Union and the PRC were so bad that all aid to China had been stopped and all advisors withdrawn. In 1962, China and India were involved in a boarder dispute and the Soviet Union declared itself neutral to the conflict, from this point onwards China and the Soviet Union took opposite stances in international issues. The impact of the Sino-Soviet split was not felt straight away in the Asia-Pacific, nor did the United States who engineered the split know how to exploit it. The collapse of the Sino-Soviet packed divided the Communist world, therefore making it less appealing to other countries. The Sino-Soviet spilt reached its pinial in the late 1960s when there was a fundamental change in the balance of power. At this point, the Cold war in Asia took a new turn as both the Soviet Union and the United States saw China as an enemy. The new status of China was indicated during the Vietnam War as the Soviet Union took the opportunity of reducing China influence by supplying arms. In the early 1960s, the problem of Vietnam returned to the Americans and the policy of containment and concerns about the growth of communism. In 1961 the American Vice-President Johnson visited Vietnam, he came to the conclusion that if America did not â€Å"attempt to meet the challenge of Communist expansion now in Southeast Asia by a major effort in support of the forces of freedom† then it had to be done at that moment with strong force. This Action was taken and by 1963, there were 15,000 American advisers in Vietnam. The Vietnam was considered a disaster for the United States and even resulted in the United States decline. The United States failed to take advantage of the Sino-Soviet rift, even though the conflict itself pushed the two even further apart. By 1965, the United States was asking the Soviet Union to use it weight in the area and by 1966, an understanding was reached with China on how to limit the wars escalation into a Sino-American one. By the end of the w ar, the strategic purpose was lost as America aligned with China and pursued dÐ ¹tente with The Soviet Union. At the end of the Vietnam War China was recognised by both America and the Soviet Union as a strong force in Asia. At this point, the established bipolar character of containment in Asia had run its course. China had emerged as a separate centre of power this can be traced back to the Korean War when China challenged both major powers Superpowers. The United State on the battlefield and the Soviet Union on its policy, this carried on until the late 1960s with China continuing to challenge both Superpowers. During the 1970s and 1980s the Cold War in Asia did take the characterises of tripolarity but, the United States and the Soviet Union remained the central Superpowers and their allies remained in place. China was recognised as a â€Å"complicating factor† in the Soviet-American relationship and as China was militarily and economically lagged behind the two Superpowers true tripolarity was never reached. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Cold War topics from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers at an affordable cost.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Management - Essay Example When Perry Ellis acquired Munsingwear and the Penguin brand, it was presented with huge opportunity to exploit the brand in expanding its market as per the changing requirements of the customers. Foraying into new market requires adopting changes and promoting new ideas and values that can identify with the changing times. Thus, Perry Ellis who has acquired Penguin brand, needs to project new culture that that can meet the demands of the younger generation. The various stores and retail outlets that sell the new products with Penguin brand need to become more fashion conscious and state of the art technology to promote their products. Showcasing the history of the products would greatly promote the firms values and project their ideologies that are ready to embrace change. The corporate culture of new original Penguin clearly exhibits openness towards change that was lacking in the old brand. The various aspects of the interactive elements of the organization, which may comprise of diverse ideologies and personal conflicts of the individuals, work together to produce a cohesive output representing the organization’s unique culture. Organizational culture can be broadly defined through shared vision and collective goals of the organization. Hence, culture promotes flexibility of approach and initiative in decision making suit the changing requirements becomes vital part of organizational leadership. Therefore, organizational culture that is ready to adopt the changing values of the times, greatly facilitates brand to incorporate the changing requirements of the people while ensuring the credibility of the brand and quality of the product. Perry Ellis and Munsingwear primarily targeted the younger generation and diversified the product line to suit the changing demands of the demographic segment. They also used aggressive advertising to attract new market through intense media blitz, using celebrity

Management auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management auditing - Essay Example This leads to the development of targeted objectives and standards, and the actual standards and objectives are compared to identify the potential gaps and flaws in the system (pickett, 2005). Management Auditing is applied at the core and structure of an organization with its basic emphasis on comprehensively examining the structure, functionalities and governing bodies, departments, division heads and all the major operations of an organization. Moreover, management auditing acts as a powerful tool that has the potential to ascend deep down into the core operations of management of any organization from a highest point to the lowest one. It further ensures that a sound and foolproof management is being conducted internally and strengthens on the enhanced relationship with the outside world only if the internal operations of an organization are run smoothly (Leonard). Management auditing is much frequently interchanged with Internal Auditing or even Operational Auditing. According to IIA Institute of Internal Audit’s CEO, the regulatory environments and complex business systems have evolved as a result of dynamic environment and for this internal audit function has been established to cope up with the solution to these problems. This system has been developed by the internal auditors and the corporate management, therefore this system is significant to the improvement of business performance and suggesting constructive ways of improvements to the line managers. (Wilson and wood, 1985). Management auditing ensures the efficient and managed workability of all business operations. It furnishes improvements and outlines suitable recommendations. It frequently strengthens and enhances the managerial efficiency. Moreover it delineates efficient methods and effective processes whilst designing responsibilities and duties of the work force and lastly it actively seeks the

Academic Project Title Essay Example for Free

Academic Project Title Essay The purpose of this study is to study design of public toilets in shopping malls with high status. This study was conducted at the well-known shopping center in Kuala Lumpur at KLCC. KLCC is chosen as the place has always been a focus of people no matter domestically or internationally. KLCC can be said as a luxury place as for business that provides well-known store sales and items with high price and most of it is expensive. So, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the design of public toilets have their own class, a literature review was based on the goals and objectives of the study. Many studies through secondary data methods obtained from a variety of different sources such as, books, journals, newspapers, articles, and even the internet. Most of the data collected from the library at UiTM Shah Alam. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay Researcher also do a variety of research methods, including the four methods of research which is based on the observation, physical measurements at the site location, interviewing experts in the design of the toilet and also produce and distribute a questionnaire to obtain primary data. After getting the information from all methods of research, then all data will be collected and analyzed to be used to determine the objectives of the study. Data analysis will be separated into two sample case studies to be carried out to obtain the findings. Toilet with fee of RM 2 per entry in KLCC has been used to study the case. All research methods have been used for the review process for primary data based on research on selected toilet. Researcher has also managed to interview a designer who has been involved in the design of the toilet. Apart from distributing the questionnaire sheets to the toilet users, measuring and observing the restroom area also took place at the site location.

The Potential for Avian Influenza to Cause Another Worldwide Pandemic E

The Potential for Avian Influenza to Cause Another Worldwide Pandemic Abstract There are three major factors involved in the start of a pandemic; the viral strain must be new, able to cause serious illness, and transmit efficiently between humans. This article explores the avian influenza virus?s potential to cause another global pandemic through its ease of transmission and ability to evade treatment. Avian type A influenza virus generally spreads either through an intermediate vector during the process of antigenic shift or directly to humans when it jumps the species barrier. A certain strain of the virus, H5N1 was of particular concern as it was the first strain to move directly from birds to humans. The avian influenza virus poses another threat as it evolves quickly through antigenic drift and eludes all treatment protocol, quickly gaining resistance to medication. Battling not trying to stop this virus seems to be the best course of action as we prepare ourselves for another possible outbreak. Avian influenza is a viral disease that does not normally affect humans. However, there have been an increasing number of cases where people have been affected and died. In order for any virus to become a pandemic, it must fulfill three major requirements. It needs to be a new subtype of the virus, one that hasn?t existed in the past. It must be able to replicate itself and cause serious damage in humans, and it must have the ability to transmit efficiently between humans. (World Health Organization, 2005). During the 20th century, there were three pandemics of a strain of avian influenza, two of which (originating in Hong Kong and China) were caused by a new viral strain containing a combination of genes from both human and av... ...where and when it does strike seems to be the best way to battle this deadly virus. Avian Influenza: A Global Pandemic - 6 References ? Kaye, D., Pringle, C. (2004). Avian Influenza Viruses and their Implication for Human Health. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (40), 108-112 ? Ruben, F. (2005). Influenza: getting our attention. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (40), 1697(2) ? Center for Disease Control. (2005, May). Influenza (Flu). Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7/25/2005: www.cdc.gov/flu ? World Health Organization. (2005). Avian Influenza: assessing the pandemic threat. The World Health Organization. 7/25/2005: www.who.int/en/ ? Mayo Clinic. (2005, March). Bird flu (avian influenza). MayoClinic.com. 7/25/2005: www.mayoclinic.com ? Avian Medicine PHR 220, Spring 2005 UCD ? VM, Pat Wakenell, Avian Influenza

A Journey Through Music Essay

One warm summer evening just over a year ago, I picked out a book from my parents’ bookshelf and flipped to a random page while attempting to pass time. The book, known as the Tao-te-ching, is a famous work by the ancient Chinese Philosopher Lao-Tzu written more than 2500 years ago. Because of its age, the book is written in old Chinese, which makes it very difficult to read. Interested just in passing a few minutes, however, I flipped through the pages at random, looking for anything to catch my attention. And suddenly, right in front of my eyes, I see a quote which sets my brain in motion: â€Å"This journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. † In general, I do not think quotes can be long enough to be meaningful. However, looking at this quote, I feel a shiver run down my spine as I realize that these words written far back in time have a true meaning to me. For in my own lifetime, one small decision that my family made influenced my whole life, and has led me to journey many miles both physically and mentally. It was when I was four years old that I took the first step in a journey which would influence my life forever. My cousin was learning to play the piano and her parents suggested that I learn to play as well. I was enthusiastic about the idea of doing something new, although at the time I had no idea of the amount of impact this one decision would have on my life. From very early in my studies, I began to develop an emotional connection to music. While I was playing the piano, it seemed as if feelings and thoughts which had been living inside of me were suddenly being released into the outside world. I was struck by the power of music; while enjoying one of Prokofiev’s War Sonatas, I was transported to the dark, dangerous place that was Russia during World War II, whereas while performing a work by Mozart, I was transported to a gamboling, carefree, and joyful world filled with youthful innocence and vigor. And music has had the power to bring me to many new physical places as well. Thanks to the piano I have traveled across Asia and Europe to play with various orchestras and to compete in numerous competitions. I have met and played for luminaries such as US secretary of state Hilary Clinton. And finally, piano brought me to America where I continued my studies at the Juilliard School. Funnily enough, my travels as a result of the piano made me realize the diversity that exists in the world; they made me realize how many different ideas and people all exist simultaneously. And this brought me a desire to learn as much as I can, to expand my intellectual and physical horizons, and to understand as much of the world as I can. This is what led me to the decision not just to attend a Music Conservatory, but to enter an Academic University and venture into new territory. And while I eagerly await this unknown path I am about to take, I am certain of one thing: without the tentative first step of beginning the Piano that I took when I was four, the eye-opening journey I have taken over the past thirteen years would never have begun. And I know for sure that the Piano will always remain a part of my life.

Ford and Toyota Case Study Essay

1. Which schools of management thought are illustrated in this case? When Ford was founded in 1903, Henry Ford followed the classical management thought to a â€Å"T† (no pun intended!) They made one car in one color. The classical management thought believes there is â€Å"one best way† to do things to accomplish a goal. Ford wanted to produce cars quickly to meet with demands, so at that time the classical management thought made perfect sense. Another part of the classical management thought is that managers constantly look for ways to improve the process of doing things. Ford then moved onto both quantitative and systems school of management though. They wanted to improve the ways they were using to design cars. Ford began using computers to help them more effectively achieve their goals of designing cars that would please their customers. Also, Ford wanted to meet and exceed any demands their customers may have thrown at them. This illustrates the systems school of management thought. Toyota demonstrated the contingency school of management thought. By studying Ford’s process and recognizing the need for and capability of improvement, they are being creative, learning from the past, and accepting diverse opinions and methods for doing things. Finally, both Toyota and Ford clearly demonstrated the quality school of management thought. Both companies focus a lot of efforts on quality as it is perceived by customers. In order to keep their customers happy, the companies listen to what said customers want. 2. Customers’ perception of quality includes performance, reliability, durability, serviceability, and aesthetics. What else do car customers want? Add to the perception of quality and create a list of the most-desired quality characteristics in a car Adding to what the book says is the perception of quality, car customers seem to want or are interested in consistent safety features, fuel economy, comfort, price, handling, environmental impact, and possible maintenance costs.

Movie and Drama. A Few Good Men

Movie and Drama. A Few Good Men The presentations of A Few Good Men play version contrasts considerably with the movie version. The dissimilarities are exposed by the way the characters have been molded. Also the camera and sound effects plays a considerable role in separating the two versions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Movie and Drama. A Few Good Men specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It ought to be noted that in movie version the characters are more vibrant and realistic than is in the play version. Another notable thing is that the use of diverse camera angles such as close shots, close ups and extreme shots makes the movie version more captivating. Although the play version is more engaging than the movie, it lacks the glamour and flamboyance brought by the lighting and effects. Therefore, the movie is crisply captivating and solidly moving. This can be supported by the fact that though the play version is etched on humor the movie is tied to professionalism. Thus, such dynamics as low and high camera angles are exploited to give the characters diverse features. For instance, the manner the soldiers are depicted in the two versions exposes another considerable dissimilarity. The play version depicts soldiers who look weak and unmotivated. However, the movie version adds glamour and elegance as it depicts the soldiers being glamorous and thrilling. Also, the setting and the backdrop background lighting is quiet contrasting. With the panning and zooming of camera to introduce new scenes the dissolving effects ushering in new scene paves a paramount view that is lacking in the play version. Despite the consistency of play version it precedes the movie in that it is presented in its original form without any cuts and insertions. Therefore, it can be argued that the movie presentation is more dynamic. Consider the fact that the introduction of technology in the movie set the pace for thrilling incidents. That is why the ca lculated use of light and sound effects, compositing and fine editing makes the movie to be magnificent. However, the play version is sustained by its humorous angle with its well developed suspense. Comparing the two versions it is apparent that the play version is anchored on the aspects of conventional theatre. While on the other hand the movie is tied to dynamics of technology.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though, the theme and the plot revolve within the same axis, the movie generates more dramatic fireworks than the play. These differences are all linked to the fact that in the movie precision and suspense are more concentrated. More so, the play though dramatic in nature does not provide the audience with the variety of cinematic changes. This includes dialogue, climax and background variances. The only apparent similarities in both instances rest on the story but the dialogue is in one way or the other a little different due to the short anecdotes of humor in the movie version. In conclusion both versions have been developed differently. Though, the movie version is an adaptation of the play it is evident that the movie version is more interesting. These profound changes can be correlated to the fact that technological changes have played a role in shaping the movie. Though, the play is also incorporates diverse technological aspects but it lacks that profound consistency. Therefore, the elegancy of lightings, camera angles, compositing, effects as well as the background sets the two versions aside. More so, the characters depiction and engagement provides a rich ground for these variances. While the play is engrained in employing multitude the movie went of a lean cast.

Inter professional working regarding child safeguarding Essay Example

Inter professional working regarding child safeguarding Essay Example Inter professional working regarding child safeguarding Essay Inter professional working regarding child safeguarding Essay Within the United Kingdom at least one kid dies each hebdomad ensuing from grownup inhuman treatment. Statisticss from 2003 highlighted that there were over 384,000 kids in demand in England, and over 69,000 of these kids were known to be populating in attention or populating with their households. ( Department for Schools and Families, 2003 ) . Children in demand are defined under Section 17 of the Children Act 1989, as those whose exposure is such that they are improbable to make or keep satisfactory degree of wellness or development may be significantly impaired without the proviso of services. Practitioners within inter professional functions in local governments have a responsibility to safeguard and advance the well being of kids ( Department for Schools and Families, 2010 ) and hence necessitate to be cognizant of their functions and duties when implementing safeguarding ( Lindon, 2008 ) . The Victoria Climbie study was published in 2003 and highlighted the tragic effects that led to her decease. This eight twelvemonth old miss was known to the constabulary, societal services and the National Health Service over a period of 10 months. On 12 of these occasions the relevant statutory services involved had the chance to successfully step in in the life of Victoria. This enquiry highlighted the spreads in incompetency of staff in the statutory services involved in this instance by the jobs in placing serious kid protection issues, plus the unequal recording and direction of information systems that were in topographic point to safeguard kids. These weaknesss were earnestly missing in this instance which finally contributed to the decease of Victoria Climbe ( Laming, 2003 ) . From this enquiry the Department of wellness ( 2007 ) set out the criterions in the National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services that all bureaus work to forestall kids enduring injury and to advance their public assistance, supply them with the services they require to turn to their identified demands and safeguard kids who are being or who are likely to be harmed. The followers is a quotation mark taken from Crippling enquiry: The individual most of import alteration in the hereafter must be the drawing of a clear line of answerability, from top to bottom, without uncertainty or ambiguity about who is responsible at every degree for the wellbeing of vulnerable kids. Time and once more it was depressing to listen to the buck go throughing from those who attempted to warrant their places. For the proper safeguarding of kids this must stop. ( Laming, 2003 p.5 ) . Lord Laming s enquiry into the decease of Victoria Climbie contributed to many important alterations across kids s services in England. The authorities responded by bring forthing the Green Paper ; Every Child Matters ( Department for Schools and Families, 2003 ) . Many of the proposals in the paper have now passed through parliament and have become statute law in the signifier of the Adoption and Children Act ( 2004 ) . The cardinal subjects of the Act are back uping households and carers, early intercession and the bar of kids falling through the system, answerability, integrated services, development and preparation. Section 10 of the Act defines the Every Child Matter s results which are ; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, do a positive part and accomplish economic well-being. The usage of incorporate approaches/processes for pull offing concerns about kids and their households should ensue in improved results for this service group. Effective programs for safeguarding and advancing kids s public assistance should be based on a wide-ranging appraisal of the demands of the kid ( Department for Schools and Families, 2010 ) . Resulting from the Green Paper: Every Child Matters ( Department for Schools and Families, 2003 ) the usage of an assessment tool known as The Common Assessment Tool has been put into pattern when working with kids and households. The intent of this tool enables professionals and other services to portion information and aid place any extra demands of kids which should heighten interagency working. This tool helps to cut down duplicate of appraisals across different bureaus ( Department for Schools and Families, 2009 ) . However, the usage of this Common Assessment Tool has been criticised over concerns of security issues sing entree to systems and consent for entering and hive awaying information ( Peckover A ; Hall, 2009 ) . Every professional or service group that work with kids and households are expected to hold appropriate nucleus accomplishments to steer their pattern. Occupational Therapists are integrated within multi-disciplinary squads across kids and households squads and more than frequently play a lead function in safeguarding this service group. Occupational Therapists have the nucleus accomplishments embedded in their clinical pattern to handle all patients holistically. As portion of their function is to place any physical, psychological and any societal demands that may be needed through their intercessions, in this peculiar country, kids and households, working closely with a kid through drama and purposeful activities can sometimes foreground any sensing of kid maltreatment. This can so be discussed with another member of the multi-disciplinary squad and recorded in The Common Assessment Framework Tool ( COT, 2006 ) . However what is evident is that child protection systems do non ever work every bit expeditiously as they should without the coaction and cooperation of the other professionals within all multi-disciplinary squads ( Lindon, 2008 ) . Professionals and other services need to be to the full equipped with the cognition of how other functions in the multi-disciplinary squads work in safeguarding kids and households to enable each of them to portion information efficaciously, without these cognition functions, a dislocation of communicating between multi-disciplinary squads is a consequence. McNair ( 2005 ) provinces in his literature that professionals can experience threatened by others when infringing on their district which can associate to function blurring and crossing over the function of different boundaries. In decision, no sum of statute law and policy counsel perfectly warrant that kid protection services will be able to forestall kids stealing through the net. However, it is imperative that inter-agency squads working with kids and households work collaboratively together to understate the hazards associated with this group of service users. The authorities has now placed safeguarding kids and households at the head of their docket and it is imperative that all professionals can all work together to guarantee that this vulnerable group of people are protected.

The Strategy of Taiwans Latecomer Firms to Gain Competitive Advantage Article

The Strategy of Taiwans Latecomer Firms to Gain Competitive Advantage - Article Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Taiwan together with South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong form part of the four newly industrializing economies (NIEs) of East Asia that have rapidly risen over the past few decades to become major global economic powers. Despite being latecomers in the region, many firms in Taiwan have gradually developed their innovation capabilities within a short span of time to become major rivals to the well established multinational corporations (MNCs) from Japan, Europe and America. The spectacular success of the Taiwanese firms in overcoming latecomer disadvantages and catch up with early movers is largely attributed to their successful application of a mix of corporate strategies designed to enable them to overcome entry barriers and gain competitive advantage. As Asia continues to take over the global economy, there are some issues with regard to how the firms in this region are able to compete in the global market. Specifically, the firms th at have entered the Asian market late have even more challenges with regard to catching up with those that are already established. These firms are called latecomers and have many challenges with regard to entry and how they are able to keep up not only in the global arena but also with the other giants in the local market who are already established. One such area that these firms seem to be lagging behind in the area of technology acquisition. Latecomers in the Taiwanese market have to deal with the fact that technology in this region has not matured like in the west. How these firms decide to use a specific strategy for transferring the technology is determined by the business strategy they use.

Self-Reflection Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Self-Reflection Assignment - Essay Example Humans should pick up the truth, even if it’s not what they wish to hear. That, to me, is if they charge a duke the most, and a lot of the time it is if no one is accommodating to accord it to them (Mcleod 2003). I have applied Cognitive theory in this research in order to know the mental reasoning of mister Peter Levine to focus on his mental plans and thoughts that has guided me throughout the research. To the other people of this world, the relatives has gained a respectable position as they complete the family mightily, but I feel different and in my central acquaintance of the relatives the action of their trade and dealings is very important. Why should this be? In analytic for the answers to this meaninglessness of credible additional and absolute loss and in the course of the plan of Peter Levine’s and his book â€Å"Waking the Tiger†, I have learnt a lot of new things. As Peter has said that the acceptance of pain in its cerebral senses. Peter Levine was a psychologist by profession and has seen many patients in his entire career. He believes that abounding individuals absorb endless years of bootless therapy, because their acceptance to an alarming accident is not accurately analyzed as an adventure of agony. Mr. Peter gave assorted examples of this phenomenon in his book Walking the Tiger (Levine 1997). Mr. Levine explains that some of his patient’s acquisition alternation along with the share of the health profession an acutely demanding practice, even if these people are absolutely healthy (Guy 1987). The agony of affectation getting appear on the faces in order to accept the biologic has larboard an abstruse abhorrence in those patients. An additional model adapted by Mr. Peter Levine is the arctic activity acquired by animal abuse and cruelty. Mr. Peter Levine has had a great triumph with abounding patients who had been clumsy to account from accustomed psychoanalysis.Mr.

Noam Chomsky's Theory of Universal Grammar and Development of Language Coursework

Noam Chomsky's Theory of Universal Grammar and Development of Language Abilities in Humans - Coursework Example   According to Chomsky, the process of language acquisition is genetically programmed and occurs as a consequence of the complex mental processes in the human brain. Simply stated, individuals possess inherent abilities and capacities, needed to understand the principal rules of grammar and apply them to construct meaningful sentences.Ample evidence supports the Chomskyan thesis. A profound analysis of language typology by Herman (2009) shows that all languages within and beyond the Austronesian group exhibit the same grammatical characteristics and operate the same list of grammatical conventions. These conventions reflect the ways, in which sentences in different languages are constructed (Kay & Fillmore 1999). Crain (2009) uses disjunctions to show, that children have a grammatical view of language different from that of adults, meaning that they develop their language structures, based on the a priori knowledge of grammatical rules. That the changes in language do not prevent c hildren from acquiring and learning it is one of the principal arguments in favor of the UG thesis. However, not all scholars readily agree with this viewpoint.Language diversity refutes a belief in grammatical universality across languages. The absence of certain grammatical categories in different languages further challenges the UG viewpoint. Ultimately, the UG thesis itself is a result of the lack of observational and analytical skills in professional linguists.The current state of literature does not fully support the UG thesis but does not reject it. Objectively, Chomskyan theory exemplifies one of the essential dimensions of scholarly research into English grammar and other languages and creates a foundation for future linguistic research. Even if Chomskyan universal grammar theory seems to neglect the differences between languages and the cultural/ social factors affecting language development, it operates strong arguments supporting the generalization and standardization of grammar patterns across languages. Apparently, future research must concentrate on the investigation of genetic mechanisms and their role in first and second language acquisition by English learners.

Prejudice,Stereotypes and Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Prejudice,Stereotypes and Discrimination Essay Prejudice is an attitude that releases closely to intercultural sensitively. It is more commonly held and expressed by people in ethnocentric stages of the sensitivity model compared to people in the ethnorelatives stages. (Oetzel, 2009). Prejudice is the belief and feeling aspect of an attitude. It can be a pro or con but leads us to judging something based on our preconception. Prejudice is where you think against someone or something for no particular reason, thought or knowledge. It be because race , sex , age , or whatever . An would be like , â€Å" Oh I don’t like her , she’s a lesbian,† or she’s black or white or of any other race. Stereotype are overgeneralized cognitions about a group of people with no attempt to identify within –group variation . Stereotypes often based on learned and widely shared beliefs and another group that reinforce or justify prejudice (Oetzel, 2009) . A stereotype is a set of preconceived beliefs about those who share a trait in common . It is the narrow prejudice view of a particular social group . Such as â€Å"black people know how to dance† and â€Å"women are better at cooking and worst at driving†. They’re sometimes offensive and often unfair. Stereotypes is a view of social group that sticks , even though the social group is full of individuals who may not share any of the traits of the stereotype at all. It’s like â€Å"cheerleaders are bitches† or â€Å"geeks are smart†. Discrimination is action that maintain the dominance of one group of people over another. The power to enact the behavior is a key component to racism and discrimination. That power can be from a held position (being a boss) or social power (being part of a group that has political power). (Oetzel, 2009). Discrimination is where you actively are against someone for no reason , either on the basis of age , race , class or whatever . It’s different from a prejudice because you actually do an action , such as not giving that person a job because of your prejudice , or refusing to give them a room at a hotel. I remember when I was young , I use to live with my Father in a small town in Ohio. It was mainly white community , I had a friend that was white. She had invited me over her house and her Grandma was racist. When I walked in to her home , her grandma said to me â€Å"she can’t have company at all and you need to leave†. The next day I seen my friend , she had apologized to me, and said I don’t know why my grandma acts like that to black people. â€Å" She told her granddaughter not to play with blacks only with white children†, and she only would allow white children to come to her house . She never listened to her she still played with me anyway. I told her it wasn’t her fault that some people are just racist. Later on that week I was in the store with my grandma which is white also , we had seen my friend and her grandma . Her grandma tried to act as if nothing happen and spoke to my grandma and said to me you can come back over and play. I gave an example of prejudice stereotype and discrimination . People also stereotype for many of different reasons such as tattoos, race , religion, age gender and etc. Now days young folks now have a new way to rebel against society and ultimately and more honestly their parents . We began to see masses of young , dim witted teens getting idiotic tattoos just so they can feel like a badass (greengysywolf1 (How Prejudice and Fear). Children not knowing that when they get older that tattoos will affect them getting a job or the way society will look at them because of the tattoos they have on them. Even though it’s not right that’s the way society stereotypes and discriminates people because of their appearance. People get tattoos because they enjoy them , not to mark them as different , not to get jollies of the pain , or not to be the evil spawn of satan himself (greengysywolf1 (How Prejudice and Fear). People also stereotype people that have been in prison. It’s people that have went to prison and have changed their lives around completely . I have a friend that is about â€Å"6 4† and 200 pounds , but seems blessed with a baby face , so no one believes he ever been to prison . He usually waits until he meets someone in person to tell them , even though he knows there is a chance they will refuse to accept it . I’ve seen the look , the change behind the eyes that goes from listening to what the stereotypes say an ex-con is and should be . I found it interesting because he tends to be more truthful and respectful than people who have not done time. Prejudice exist everywhere; with prejudice comes a stereotype or discrimination. Most stereotypes are dealt with minorities , especially in the United States . Basically, It all depends on how a person was raised . Most of Americans assumes that every white person grew up either in the suburbs , or well-to-do apartments in the city. While sometimes that is true ,but some lives in bad areas like farming towns and many other diverse places. Where you raise your family depends on your income and your family situation most of the time. If they have a higher income than yours average American, than they probably live in the most high-class place they can buy. If they are middle class than suburbia is most likely option. If they exist in the lower class , your income is not so great. Then they would probably live in poorly developed neighborhoods , like a trailer park or apartment complex. African Americans continue to face the highest level of discrimination in renting , selling and insuring property, according to the National Fair Housing Alliance . People with disabilities field the second highest number of claims followed by families with children and Hispanics. (surge). The British did an research article in 2009. , with 60 people ranging from 18 to 65 years of age . The tests of implicit attitude used in this study are based on links to real world behaviour, so its likely that those participants with a very strong homophobic attitude would routinely behave in a discriminatory way. The four or five per cent with strong prejudices would find their attitudes often affect their behaviour and the 15 to 20 per cent with mid-range prejudices are probably unaware of their attitude, but their thoughts and feelings towards gay or lesbian people will probably surface when they are emotional, stressed, frustrated or threatened (Society, 2009). I think people should look at themselves before they try and judge others , without getting to know them or speak to them first. Before you judge a book by its cover at lease open a couple of pages and read about it first. Works Cited Oetzel, J. G. (2009). Intercultural Communication (A Layered Approach). New Jersy: Pearson Education Inc. Page, H. (n. d. ). How To Stereotypes Affect My Life. Retrieved 2012, from http://greengypsywolf1. hubpages. com/getwidget. Society, T. B. (2009, Jan 16). Prejudice Study Finds Gay Is The New Black. Medical News Today. Surge, H. D. (n. d. ). CNN Cable News. Retrieved 2012, from http://www. cnn. com/US/9705/21/briefs. pm/housing/index. html.

Aaron’s Last Game :: Personal Narrative Writing

Aaron’s Last Game Play this game like it’s your last. This is a common phrase that athletes hear from their coaches to help inspire them to play hard in a game. In the case of my friend Aaron Halford, a basketball game during his sophomore year of high school was his last. It was a playoff game for the basketball team and there was a great deal of pressure on the players to perform well to move on to the next round. However, this was one game where regardless of the score, our team was going to lose. One of our players dribbled down the court, looked to pass, and took the shot. The ball bounced from rim to rim, back and forth, the crowd waited with anticipation, but no one even registered whether the ball entered the hoop. Aaron laid lifeless on the court. What happened, did I miss something? Was there a foul? No one in the crowd knew what caused Aaron to be lying on the court. A whistle was blown and the coaches ran out onto the court only to find that Aaron wasn’t breathing. Without any hesitation, Aaron’s dad raced down to where his son was laying unresponsively. â€Å"Grab the defibrillator,† yelled out one of the coaches. Another coach immediately began administering mouth to mouth resuscitation on Aaron. The whole gym was completely silent. I sat there in disbelief not knowing what to do. He’s going to be alright, isn’t he? Surely he will. Is there something I should do? I was short of breath and closed my eyes and began to pray, however, my thoughts made no sense. I can remember reciting over and over, â€Å"Please God, don’t let him die. Let him be ok.† Everything happened so quickly. Before I knew it, two minutes had passed and Aaron still wasn’t moving. At this point, the coach performing the CPR pulled out the defibrillator and started shocking Aaron’s chest. Aaron’s body jolted vigorously as his coach stunned him. The only speaking voice in the whole gym was Aaron’s father who was speaking to Aaron saying, â€Å"Come on boy; please wake up. I know you have it in you.† Tears began to swell in my eyes. This can’t be happening. Aaron’s father kneeled down next to his son’s still body and prayed aloud.

Table Setup

TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS, TYPES OF SERVICE, AND TABLE SETTINGS Chapter 2 OBJECTIVES ? Differentiate between many types of establishments ? Identify the characteristics of French service, Russian service, English service, and American service ? Describe the arrangement of service ware for the American breakfast, lunch, and dinner cover ? Explain where food items are placed in the American cover as they are served ? Define banquet service, family-style service, buffets, salad bars, oyster bars, and dessert tables 2 INTRODUCTION ? Every restaurant has a unique identity depending on the amenities offered to guests ? Most types of service originated in the private homes of European nobility †¦ Over the years they have been modified for restaurant use ? Today, each type retains particular distinguishing features †¦ Some restaurants have combined features of two or more serving styles to accommodate their menu, facilities, and mode of operation 3 INTRODUCTION ? The four traditional types of service are †¦ French †¦ Russian †¦ English †¦ American ? The cover refers to the arrangement of china, silverware, napkin, and glassware at each place setting ? Other popular types of service are the banquet, family-style, buffets, salad bars, oyster bars, and dessert tables. 4 TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS ? Many terms are used to describe types of restaurants †¦ Tearoom †¦ Family-style †¦ Upscale †¦ Casual †¦ Theme †¦ Quick-service 5 TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS ? The fact of the matter is that restaurants are subjectively classified by the style of operation †¦ There are no clear characteristics for each type of establishment †¦ Traits of one style of restaurant overlap with traits of another ? Creating a unique identity 6 TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS For our purposes here, we could say that types of establishments form somewhat of a continuum †¦ On one end of the continuum would be restaurants with ? ? Minimum service No covers or simple place mats ? ? ? A quick pace Fast foods prepared easily A general informality to the entire operation 7 TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS †¦ The other end of the continuum would be the establishments with ? ? ? ? Luxurious surroundings Table linens Silver service ware China and Crystal glassware ? ? ? ? ? Flowers Soft music An unhurried pace Skilled servers Expensive, well-prepared, and well-presented foods and wines TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS ? Family-style restaurants, diners, and some chain restaurants would be on one end of the continuum ? Trattorias, bistros, and supper clubs in the middle ? Classic gourmet, upscale, and fine-dining restaurants on the other 9 TYPES OF ESTABLISHMENTS ? No matter which combination of amenities make up the whole, the guest has every right to expect †¦ A smile †¦ That his or her order be correctly taken and delivered †¦ That the check is presented promptly and for the correct amount regardless of the setting ? Good service is still the key to running any successful operation 10 FRENCH SERVICE ? Most elegant of table services ? Formal type of service originated for European nobility †¦ Prolonged and expensive type of service †¦ Used in upscale restaurant, elegant hotel dining rooms, cruise ships, resorts, and casinos ? Food is either cooked or completed tableside †¦ Brought from the kitchen on heavy silver platters †¦ Gueridon (cart) and Rechaud (stove) ? The food is completed by cooking, deboning, filleting, slicing, flambe, and garnishing as necessary †¦ Served to the guests on heated plates 1 FRENCH SERVICE ? Maitre d'hotel is in charge of the dining room ? Captain is in charge of a section to the dining room †¦ Seats the guests, takes guest’s orders and supervises table service ? French table service employs two servers working together †¦ Chef du rang (principle server) ? Receives orders form the captain, serves the drinks, prepares the food ta bleside, and presents the check †¦ Commis du rang (assistant) ? Takes the orders to the kitchen, picks up the food, serves the plates, clears the dishes and stands ready to assist the chef du rang Sommelier brings wine list and serves wine 12 FRENCH SERVICE ? Silverware brought with each course ? Service plate or show plate is part of the cover †¦ Remains until main course and replaced for salad and dessert ? Service is from the right, clearing from the right †¦ Except for bread, butter and salad to the left †¦ Soiled dishes are cleared only when all guests have completed their meal ? Finger bowls are proper after each course ? Wine only 13 FRENCH SERVICE ? Advantages: †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Elegant Attentive Showcases food High check average ? Disadvantages: †¦ Highly trained staff ? High labor costs Investment in carts, platters, china, crystal, and silverware †¦ †¦ Fewer turns of tables Fewer tables in dining room. 14 RUSSIAN SERVICE ? Similar to French service in many respects †¦ Formal with great elegance and showmanship ? Table setting same as French service †¦ Plates for each course set in front of guest ? Differences: †¦ Only one server †¦ Food is fully prepared and attractively arranged on silver platters in the kitchen ? Heated plate placed before each guest from the right side †¦ Clockwise around the table RUSSIAN SERVICE Platters of food are brought to the dining room from the kitchen †¦ Presented to the guest at the table †¦ All foods served from serving dish or platter ? Standing to the left of each guest with the platter in the left hand, the server shows each guest the food †¦ Using a large spoon and fork in the right hand, dishes up the desired portion †¦ Continues counterclockwise around the table †¦ Remaining food returned to the kitchen RUSSIAN SERVICE ? As with French service †¦ Finger bowls are proper after each course †¦ Soiled dishes are cleared only when all guests have completed their meal Especially useful at elegant banquets RUSSIAN SERVICE ? Advantages †¦ Elegant †¦ Faster and less expensive than French service †¦ No extra space for carts needed ? Disadvantages †¦ Need trained staff †¦ Capital investment in silver platters †¦ Last served from same platter ENGLISH AND FAMILY SERVICE ? Formal family service or host service †¦ Typical of a meal served by servants in a private home ? Foods brought on platters and in serving dishes placed before the host at the head of the table †¦ Host (or one of the servants) carves the meat, if necessary, or dishes up the entree †¦ The hostess (or one of the servants) serves vegetables, salads, desserts and beverages Plates are handed to the server on the left, who serves the guest of honor and all other guests †¦ Sauces and side dishes placed on the table to be passed by the guests ? Place settings similar to American service ENGLISH AND FAMILY SERVICE ? Advantages †¦ Great deal of showmanship †¦ Casual dining †¦ Guests control portions †¦ Less service skill needed ? Disadvantages †¦ Less formal †¦ No presentation †¦ Time consuming †¦ Host and hostess required to do a lot of the work AMERICAN SERVICE Simplest form of table service †¦ Less formal than French, Russian, or English ? Most prevalent style of service in U. S. restaurants ? Utensils set in order of use †¦ Water glass at tip of knife †¦ Wine glass to the right of the water †¦ Dishes and silver ~1† from table edge ? Food dished in the kitchen †¦ Except for salad and bread and butter, most food placed on the dinner plate AMERICAN SERVICE ? Foods served from the left, beverages from the right †¦ Left with left, right with right ? Soiled dishes removed from the right †¦ Do not remove until all are done the course The American breakfast and lunch table setting differs f rom the American dinner setting †¦ Breakfast and lunch require only a limited amount of service ware †¦ Dinner involves courses and service ware AMERICAN SERVICE ? Advantages †¦ Simple and casual or complex and elegant †¦ Portion control †¦ Less service skill needed ? Disadvantages †¦ Less personal †¦ Guests can not choose portion 23 LAYING COVERS FOR TABLE SERVICE ? When laying a table in readiness for service there are a variety of place settings, which have to be laid according to the type of meal and service being offered ? A cover denotes all the necessary cutlery, flatware, crockery, glassware and linen necessary to a lay a certain type of place setting for a specific meal 24 AMERICAN BREAKFAST AND LUNCH COVER ? Includes: †¦ Dinner fork †¦ Dinner knife †¦ Teaspoon †¦ Napkin †¦ B plate †¦ Butter knife (optional) †¦ Water glass 25 AMERICAN BREAKFAST COVER 26 AMERICAN LUNCH COVER 27 AMERICAN DINNER COVER 28 AMERICAN (FORMAL) DINNER COVER 29 BANQUET SERVICE ? Involves serving a meal to a group of people gathered for a special occasion ? The cover is generally set with American settings †¦ Modified to the particular menu French, Russian or buffet service may be utilized at a banquet †¦ The table will be set accordingly ? Before the guest arrives or is seated: †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Water is poured Butter is placed on B plates Baskets of rolls arranged on the tables Cold course may be pre-set 30 BANQUET SERVICE ? Food is put on the plates in the kitchen †¦ Served to the guests in the usual American style ? Or in the French, Russian or buffet style as predetermined ? The head table is served first ? Water and coffee are replenished periodically ? If guest are to remain after dinner, tables should be cleared and tidy at the completion of the meal ? No check is presented 31 BANQUET SERVICE ? Advantages: †¦ Menu and serving time pre-determined †¦ Service routine simple †¦ Few servers ? Disadvantages: †¦ Little personal service †¦ Close quarters ? Makes service difficult 32 FAMILY STYLE SERVICE ? Modification of American service †¦ Informal ? Table is set before the meal begins ? Serving dishes and platters are filled in the kitchen and brought to the table †¦ Serving utensils brought with the food ? Serving dishes are passed around the table and people serve themselves †¦ All-you-can-eat may require refilling of serving containers Dishes are cleared and dessert is served in the same manner ? American cover or modification is used FAMILY STYLE SERVICE ? Advantages: †¦ Fast †¦ Few servers ? Disadvantages: †¦ Little personal service †¦ Attractiveness of serving dishes and platters during course of service 34 BUFFET SERVICE ? Usually used when a large number of people are to be served ? A serving area holds everything needed for the meal and guests go through â€Å"the line† serving themselves †¦ The guest either helps themselves or by chefs behind the buffet line (carving station) ? Someone is needed to restock the serving area as necessary ? Silverware and napkins may be located on the buffet table or a complete cover (American) may be pre-set on the table ? Servers usually serve only beverages and desserts †¦ Duties may include appetizer or soup course BUFFET SERVICE ? Advantages †¦ Attractive food display †¦ Speed †¦ Economics †¦ Less service skill needed ? Disadvantages †¦ Replenishment needed †¦ Unattractive food display †¦ Food safety †¦ Capital investment 36 SALAD BARS, OYSTER BARS, AND DESSERT TABLES ? Salad Bar †¦ Self-service concept Guests prepare their own salads from an attractive array of vegetables, fruits, and accoutrements ? Oyster Bar †¦ †¦ Buffet featuring oysters on the half shell and various accoutrements May include other seafood items ? Dessert Table †¦ Display of tortes, pies, cakes, cream puffs, eclairs, fresh fruit, and soft cheeses ? ? Dessert plates and service ware are at hand on the table Dessert trays or carts 37 SALAD BARS, OYSTER BARS, AND DESSERT TABLES ? Advantages †¦ Attractive food display †¦ Less service skill needed Disadvantages †¦ Replenishment needed †¦ Unattractive food display †¦ Timing 38 CAFETERIA SERVICE ? This service exists normally in industrial canteens, colleges, hospitals or hotel cafeterias ? To facilitate quick service, the menu is fixed and is displayed on large boards †¦ Sometimes food is displayed behind the counter and the guests may indicate their choice to the counter attendant ? Guests select foods ? The food is served pre-plated and the cutlery is handed directly to the guest ? Scramble system limits lines 39 COUNTER SERVICE Tall stools are placed along a counter so that the guest may eat the food at the counter itself †¦ The covers are generally laid out on the counter ? Food is either displayed behind the counter for the guests to choose from, or is listed on a menu card or com mon black board 40 GRILL ROOM SERVICE ? In this form of service various meats are grilled in front of the guest ? The meats may be displayed behind a glass partition or well decorated counter so that the guest can select his exact cut of meat ? The food comes pre-plated 41 BREAKFAST SERVICES There are basically two types of breakfast offered in hotels and restaurants †¦ The Continental Breakfast and the English Breakfast ? The Continental Breakfast originated in Europe †¦ It is a light meal as the Europeans normally have a heavy mid-day meal ? The English breakfast is heavy and is a major meal of the day †¦ A traditional English breakfast runs into six or seven courses 42 BUTLER SERVICE ? Similar to Russian service †¦ Guests serve themselves †¦ Offered from left side for food ? ? Counterclockwise Serving fork and spoon used by guest. BUTLERED SERVICE ? Waiters pass hors d'oeuvres or beverages from trays Similarly to how a butler would wait on guests in a pri vate home. ? Elegant option, especially as guests won't have to wait in line to get a drink, and it will remind them of the options available to them ? Requires slightly more staff than stationary hors d'oeuvres and a bartender 44 COMPROMISE SERVICE ? This is a combination of the very formal Russian and the English ? Part of the food (usually the salad and dessert) is served from the kitchen and part is served at the table with the host or hostess dishing up the main course †¦ There is still the presence of service staff